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diagnosis differential neurology algorithm hematology management classification clinical oncology peripheral physicalexam symptoms workup abnormal dermatology generalized infectiousdiseases pathophysiology radiology seizures
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... glomerular hematuria (RBC ... casts or dysmorphic ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria • Signs ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... urine sediment - WBC ... /RBC casts ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... and petechiae Causes ... Constitutional Syndromes ... Pancytopenia: • ↓ RBC ... • ↓ WBC • ↓
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Blood Smear •
Causes of Anemia ... Neutrophils - Low RBC ... • Pernicious Anemia ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... Hemolytic uremic syndrome ... • Intrinsic RBC ... Extravascular #Causes
Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex) • Aphasia • Apraxia •
Causes of Hemiplegia ... • Anomia • ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... #Hemiplegia #Neurology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Acellular Casts ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... : • RBC Casts - ... glomerulonephritis • WBC ... Urine #Microscopy #nephrology
Gerstmann Syndrome 1) Finger agnosia - Inability to name their own fingers, affecting both sides 2) Right-left confusion
Gerstmann Syndrome ... Agraphia (without alexia ... able to copy Causes ... : Stroke (main cause ... #neurology #diagnosis
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