14 results
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Intake: • Low ... secretion • Acid-base ... components of acid-base ... may cause metabolic ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Al, Low R - Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... #nephrology #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Urinary Chloride • Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... - Loss of Cl ... - Normal/low ... poisoning • Normal acid-base
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Metabolic acidosis ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... • High Urine Cl ... #Nephrology #Causes
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Urine Na/K/Cl ... - CPK, uric acid ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Cl- responsive ... Kidney loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... #nephrology #differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid ... #Base #Gas #VBG
Mucoid Degeneration of the ACL
Imaging Findings:
 • T2-hyperintense fluid-signal within the enlarged ACL on both the
Degeneration of the ACL ... Case description ... enlarged with low-signal ... Differential Diagnosis ... Radiology #diagnosis #msk
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... • High Urine Cl ... #Nephrology #Causes