116 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... V/Q Mismatch: Pulmonary ... , Atelectasis, Pulmonary ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... , Interstitial Lung
Capnography
Measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide can be used to confirm ETT placement, for safer procedural sedation,
monitor cardiac & pulmonary ... • PvCO2 - Mixed ... venous CO2 • ... intubation, single lung ... patterns #diagnosis #pulmonary
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
Pulmonary Pathology ... A-lines (parietal pleura ... due to thickened pleura ... ) Cardiogenic Pulmonary ... sliding Pulmonary
Lung Ultrasound: Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema vs ARDS
Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema:
 • Smooth pleural line
 • AIS >
Cardiogenic Pulmonary ... ARDS Cardiogenic Pulmonary ... Edema: • Smooth pleural ... • Irregular pleural ... line + sub-pleural
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Shark Tail Appearance of Consolidated Lung on Pleural Effusion on POCUS

Dr. David Feller-Kopman @dfellerk

#Pleural #Effusion #pulmonary
of Consolidated Lung ... on Pleural Effusion ... Feller-Kopman @dfellerk #Pleural ... #Effusion #pulmonary ... #Lung #POCUS #clinical
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Spine sign: visualization of the vertebral bodies in the thoracic cavity above the diaphragm indicative of
indicative of pleural ... the absence of pleural ... by air in the lung ... #Effusion #Pulmonary ... #Lung #Ultrasound
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Dysrhythmia
 • Ischemia
 • Cardiomyopathy
 • Valvular disease
Pneumonia • Pulmonary ... • Interstitial lung ... embolism • Pulmonary ... malformation Pleura ... : • Pleural effusion
Figure 3 HRCT-LUS correlation in normal lung, pulmonary congestion, rheumatoid lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Notes: (A)
, pulmonary congestion ... disease, idiopathic pulmonary ... from a smooth pleura ... thickened, fragmented pleura ... irregular thick pleura
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
consistent with pulmonary ... fully explained by pleural ... lobar collapse, lung ... collapse, or pulmonary ... - 200 mm Hg < PaO2
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
data regarding pulmonary ... Assessing for CO2 ... the heart to the lung ... output state - Pulmonary ... patterns #diagnosis #pulmonary