37 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... , Acute spinal cord ... Deep coma (any cause ... finding in spinal cord ... differential #diagnosis #table
Daliresp (Roflumilast) 
Indication: Reduce risk of COPD exacerbations 
Drug Class: Selective Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) Inhibitor 
GOLD 2019
Reduce risk of COPD ... Initiate if severe COPD ... Therapy (LAMA/LABA/ICS ... Dosing: 250 mcg tablet ... low, adding an ICS
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Artery Disease • Stable ... • Asthma • COPD ... Pneumonia • ARDS • COPD ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... Disease - Especially COPD ... HeartFailure #CHF #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
e.g. pneumonia, COPD ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Gerstmann Syndrome
1) Finger agnosia - Inability to name their own fingers, affecting both sides
2) Right-left confusion
patient is still able ... to copy Causes ... : Stroke (main cause
Cold Urticaria
Prevalence - 0.05% in the population
Disease onset - Mostly 2nd to 4th decades of life
Causes
Cold Urticaria Prevalence ... decades of life Causes ... skin contact with cold ... fever, fatigue, Nausea ... rheumatology #comparison #table
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
Anaphylaxis - Spinal cord ... exacerbation (any cause ... Classification #Table
Sensitivity is the proportion of truly diseased persons in the screened population who are identified as
correctly diagnose a case ... that any given case ... implies being able ... test is one that picks ... #Calculation #Table
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
: • 1400 new cases ... • 75-90% of cases ... monophasic Pathophysiology ... Abnormal in 50% of cases ... • Infectious causes