1045 results
Crystalloid Fluids - Contents Comparison Table
Normal plasma
0.9% saline (a.k.a. "normal saline" or NS)
0.45% saline (a.k.a. 1/2
Fluids - Contents Comparison ... normal saline" or NS ... saline (a.k.a. 1/2 NS ... saline D5 1/2 4NS ... IVF #Contents #Comparison
IV Fluids - Comparison Table
Fluid - pH - Osm - Na - Cl - Other
 •
IV Fluids - Comparison ... Normal Saline (NS ... (+): D5W, D5-1/2NS ... #Fluids #IVF #Comparison
Causes of Orthopnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

 • Fear and Anxiety
 • Pleural Effusion
 • Ascites
manipulation - CNS ... MS, Polio - PNS
DKA vs HHS
 - Think of DKA and HHS on a spectrum of hyperglycemic emergencies
 -
sensitive - if pts ... #DKA #HHS #comparison ... endocrinology #comparison
Miosis Causes - 4 P's Mnemonic
Constricted: pupils < 2mm, Pinpoint: pupils < 1mm
 • Pain Killer:
Miosis Causes - 4 P's ... Organophosphate • Pons
Characteristics of Selected Pneumonias

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Gram-positive diplococci. 
Haemophilus influenzae. Pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacilli. 
Staphylococcus aureus. Plump
PMNs and monocytes ... Few PMNs; no bacteria ... Patterns #Diagnosis #Comparison
Crystalloid Compositon - Normal Saline, Lactated Ringers, PlasmaLyte
#Pharmacology #Crystalloids #Contents #Comparison #Table #Normosol #Plasmalyte #LactatedRingers #NormalSaline
Crystalloids #Contents #Comparison ... #NormalSaline #NS
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
- Type II DM pts ... pathophysiology #comparison
Considerations for Crystalloids - 0.9% NS vs LR vs Plasma-Lyte
 - Causes hyperkalemia?
 - Safe to
Crystalloids - 0.9% NS ... Update: AKI in NS ... #indications #comparison ... LR #plasmalyte #NS
Crystalloid pH, Contents and Costs Compared
Plasma	pH 7.4
Normal Saline	pH 5.5*	
Ringer’s Lactate pH 6.5	
Plasmalyte A pH 6.5	
Coca-cola pH
#pH #Contents #Comparison ... Pharmacology #Costs #NS