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diagnosis differential abnormal aptt intravascular management prolonged treatment arterial bleeding bruising dermatology dic disseminated embolism encephalopathy extravascular hemolysis hemolytic hemostasis
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors Findings: • Bleeding • Recent history
• Prolonged PT ... Fibrinogen: ↓ • PT ... Treat primary cause ... #diagnosis #causes ... treatment #management #hematology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
vascular disorders, coagulation ... - Hemolytic anemia ... deficiencies - PNH ... Cholesterol emboli • Septic ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Abnormal PT and/or aPTT Prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) 1. Acquired deficiency of FVII
Causes of Abnormal ... unfractionated heparin ... e.g. heparin ... #differential #hematology ... #coagulation
Differential Diagnosis for a Prolonged PT and aPTT If the PT and the aPTT are both prolonged,
for a Prolonged PT ... (e.g. heparin contamination ... thrombin inhibitors, heparin ... #differential #hematology ... #coagulation
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... intravascular coagulation ... hemoglobinuria (PNH ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework VENOUS THROMBOSIS • Acquired Risk Factors: - >48 hours
Hyperhomocysteinemia - Heparin-induced ... intravascular coagulation ... and other causes ... - COVID-19 - PNH ... pathophysiology #hematology
Bleeding and Bruising - Disorders of Hemostasis - Differential Diagnosis Framework == Quantitative or Qualitative defect in
inhibitor of a coagulation ... Acquired: • Heparin ... intravascular coagulation ... discern these causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Hepatic Encephalopathy Treatment • Lactulose: - Oral liquid, 30-45mL 2-4x/day, titrated to 2-4
Hepatic Encephalopathy ... swallow) - Via enema ... For refractory cases ... EricsMedicalLectures/ #Hepatic ... Treatment #management #hepatology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
-> AML: Blast crises ... count ↑ PLT • ↑ PBS ... - infiltrates (anemia ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
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