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diagnosis differential abnormal aptt intravascular pt anemia arterial ascites bleeding bruising childhood dermatology dic disseminated embolism emergencies extravascular hemeonc hemolysis
Causes of Abnormal PT and/or aPTT Prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) 1. Acquired deficiency of FVII
Causes of Abnormal ... unfractionated heparin ... e.g. heparin ... #differential #hematology ... #coagulation
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors Findings: • Bleeding • Recent history
Thrombocytopenia • Prolonged ... protein C and S Pathophysiology ... Treat primary cause ... #diagnosis #causes ... treatment #management #hematology
Differential Diagnosis for a Prolonged PT and aPTT If the PT and the aPTT are both prolonged,
Diagnosis for a Prolonged ... (e.g. heparin contamination ... thrombin inhibitors, heparin ... #differential #hematology ... #coagulation
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
vascular disorders, coagulation ... Platelet defects • Coagulation ... deficiencies - PNH ... Cholesterol emboli • Septic ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework VENOUS THROMBOSIS • Acquired Risk Factors: - >48 hours
Hyperhomocysteinemia - Heparin-induced ... intravascular coagulation ... and other causes ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology ... #hematology #differential
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... intravascular coagulation ... hemoglobinuria (PNH ... Extravascular #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
muscle spasms lead ... invade URT & via hematologic ... , altered LOC; septic ... CNS and hematologic ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
activity • ↓ LAP ... -> AML: Blast crises ... count ↑ PLT • ↑ PBS ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Bleeding and Bruising - Disorders of Hemostasis - Differential Diagnosis Framework == Quantitative or Qualitative defect in
inhibitor of a coagulation ... Acquired: • Heparin ... the PT remains prolonged ... discern these causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Summary of Oncologic ... syndrome): - Hematologic ... rise from last lab ... intravascular coagulation ... Treat underlying cause
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