13 results
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Causes Intravascular ... hemoglobinuria (PNH ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Phagocytosis of blood ... lymphoma (DLBCL, intravascular ... Drugs, Unknown cause ... Lymphohistiocytosis #diagnosis #management ... treatment #summary #rheumatology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Cerebrovascular Disease ... autoantibodies that will cause ... thrombosis and/or blood-brain ... #neurology #rheumatology ... cerebritis #diagnosis #management
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
lymphohistiocytosis (HLH ... • Systemic lupus ... nervous system (CNS ... Syndrome #Diagnosis #Management ... #Hematology #Rheumatology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Treatment
Primary HLH:
 - HLH-94 Protocol
    • Dexamethasone
(depending on CNS ... or autoimmune disease ... for refractory disease ... #Treatment #management ... #hematology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
Disseminated Intravascular ... ABO incompatible blood ... • Severe Liver Disease ... #treatment #management ... #hematology
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
Discontinuation of causal ... Evolution: Chronic disease ... sle #comparison #table ... #rheumatology # ... diagnosis #management
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Overview

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon hematological malignancy arising from mature B cells. It
Workup: • Full Blood ... marrow biopsy - if blood ... number of sites of disease ... classification #hematology ... #oncology #management
Primary Dermatological Lesions
Primary lesions are physical changes in the skin considered to be caused directly by
considered to be caused ... directly by the disease ... specific to a single disease ... lesions that contain pus ... area of dermal oedema
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... donors (due to anti-HLA ... Transfusion #diagnosis #management ... #hematology #reactions