36 results
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
- Water - Pus ... Barre - ALS - Transverse ... myelitis • Hematology ... : - Anemia • ... #pulmonary
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
Pulmonary Pathology ... sliding/barcode sign ... Consolidations - "Shred" sign ... pleura in severe cases ... differential #diagnosis #signs
Causes of Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative - Normal RBC Mass / Decreased Plasma Volume
Causes of Polycythemia ... Splenomegaly, Increased PMNs ... Cyanosis without Pulmonary ... Apnea • Chronic Pulmonary ... #Hematology
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Causes of Extravascular ... Drug-induced AIHA - Abnormal ... • PCH • PNH ... immune-complex hemolytic anemia ... #Hematology
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
including restrictive lung ... the midbrain or pons ... Occasional sighs ... Breathing In lung ... Breathing #Patterns #Pulmonary
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
 • Congestive heart failure
 • Constrictive
Causes of Pleural ... Pneumonectomy • Trapped lung ... Malignancy • Pulmonary ... • Asbestos • Uremia ... #causes
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Chronic hemolytic anemia ... due to lung disease ... Interstitial lung ... multifactorial mechanisms Hematologic ... #Differential #Causes
Bilateral B-Lines in case of Pneumonia on Lung POCUS

Young healthy pt with fever/dyspnea. POCUS lung exam
Bilateral B-Lines in case ... POCUS lung exam ... pulm edema not PNA ... sliding: Pulmonary ... partially seen shred sign
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Infection: TB, NTM, PNA ... Nasal polyps and signs ... in the adjacent lung ... of the affected lung ... - BAR >1.0 is abnormal
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
upon damage • Normal ... • Hemolytic Anemias ... Prosthetic valves Lung ... Legionnaires disease • Pulmonary ... Pneumonia • Other lung