43 results
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Cardiovascular Causes ... Pericardium: - Constrictive ... Tamponade Pulmonary Causes ... Water - Pus - Blood ... syndrome Other Causes
Kussmaul's Sign on Physical Exam

What’s the diagnosis?
Severe biventeicular failure with + Kussmaul sign! NICM. No constriction!

-
No constriction! ... accept increased blood ... DDx includes constriction ... and other rarer causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... Hematuria: 3 or more RBC ... hematuria: - RBC ... - Dysmorphic RBC ... #renal #urine #blood
Anisocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Physiological - Simple Anisocoria ( <O.5mm)
 - Anisocoria equal
opthalmoplegia, Constriction ... Postganglionic - Constriction ... Junction - No constriction ... pilocarpine • Pharmacologic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Alwavs Repeat Blood ... while drawing blood ... ischemia-induced RBC ... hemolysis) • RBC ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... == Decreased RBC ... Glucose Content • RBC ... Reduction == Increase RBC ... turnover • Acute blood
Major Clinical Trials and Evidence Summary for Transfusion Thresholds in Critical Care

TRICC - NEJM 1999 -
Transfusing blood ... Blood saves lives ... studies show that PRBC ... unnecessary and cause ... VisualAbstract #Trials #PRBC
Plasmodium Falciparum Blood Smear.
Key features suggesting Plasmodium falciparum:
- extreme parasitemia
- normocytic RBCs (vivax, ovale prefer big
Plasmodium Falciparum Blood ... multiples per RBC ... P. falciparum causes ... human malaria cases ... P.f. but rare in blood
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Diagnosis Algorithm Blood ... RBCs Decreased RBC ... Thalassemia • RBC ... Disorder • RBC ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Anemia with Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Heme Synthesis or
Causes of Anemia ... - Fe/TlBC, MCV/RBC ... Deficiency (Eg Causes ... : Chronic Blood ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes