64 results
Markers of Organ Dysfunction in Severe Sepsis 
Altered consciousness 
Confusion 
Psychosis 

Tachycardia 
Hypotension 
Altered CVP 
Altered
Altered CVP Altered PAOP ... Tachypnoea PaO2 ... <70mmHg SaO2 < ... 90% PaO2/FiO2 300%
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... reaches the alveoli) PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... sepsis) - High PaO2
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... (Patm - 47) - (PaCO2 ... /0.8)] - PaO2 Simplified ... /0.8)] - PaO2 Normal
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
HPS - Diagnosis:
 1. Patients with liver disease
 2. Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaP02) >15 mmHg
Moderate HPS: ≥ 60 PaO2 ... Severe HPS: ≥ 50 PaO2 ... Very severe HPS: PaO2
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is below normal
Hypoxia - Insufficient oxygen
arterial oxygen (PaO2 ... compensate for low PaO2
Oxygen Delivery Equation
DO2 = CO x {(1.39 x Hb x sO2) + (PaO2 x 0.03)}
DO2 =
x Hb x sO2) + (PaO2 ... effective hemoglobin PaO2 ... in your hands = PaO
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
inspired oxygen (PaO2 ... - 200 mm Hg < PaO2 ... - 100 mm Hg < PaO2 ... H2O - Severe - PaO2
PROSEVA definition of ARDS
Thus, the PROSEVA trial essentially modifies the Berlin definition of ARDS, with the
requirement that the PaO2 ... requires that the PaO2
Causes of Falsely Low Oxygen Saturation - Discordant SpO2 & PaO2 
 • Motion
 • Low
Discordant SpO2 & PaO2 ... Discordant #SpO2 #PaO2
Understanding & Treating ARDS - Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

•  Timing - within one week of
Impaired Oxygenation PaO2