64 results
Markers of Organ Dysfunction in Severe Sepsis 
Altered consciousness 
Confusion 
Psychosis 

Tachycardia 
Hypotension 
Altered CVP 
Altered
Altered CVP Altered PAOP ... Tachypnoea PaO2 ... <70mmHg SaO2 < ... 90% PaO2/FiO2 300%
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... reaches the alveoli) PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... sepsis) - High PaO2
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... (Patm - 47) - (PaCO2 ... /0.8)] - PaO2 Simplified ... /0.8)] - PaO2 Normal
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
HPS - Diagnosis:
 1. Patients with liver disease
 2. Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaP02) >15 mmHg
Moderate HPS: ≥ 60 PaO2 ... Severe HPS: ≥ 50 PaO2 ... Very severe HPS: PaO2
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is below normal
Hypoxia - Insufficient oxygen
arterial oxygen (PaO2 ... compensate for low PaO2
Oxygen Delivery Equation
DO2 = CO x {(1.39 x Hb x sO2) + (PaO2 x 0.03)}
DO2 =
x Hb x sO2) + (PaO2 ... effective hemoglobin PaO2 ... in your hands = PaO
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
inspired oxygen (PaO2 ... - 200 mm Hg < PaO2 ... - 100 mm Hg < PaO2 ... H2O - Severe - PaO2
PROSEVA definition of ARDS
Thus, the PROSEVA trial essentially modifies the Berlin definition of ARDS, with the
requirement that the PaO2 ... requires that the PaO2
Understanding & Treating ARDS - Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

•  Timing - within one week of
Impaired Oxygenation PaO2
Causes of Falsely Low Oxygen Saturation - Discordant SpO2 & PaO2 
 • Motion
 • Low
Discordant SpO2 & PaO2 ... Discordant #SpO2 #PaO2