34 results
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... hypoxia) - Low PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #pathophysiology
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
+ (↑ pH) • ↓ PCO2 ... tissue): • ↑ H+ (Acid ... ) • ↑ PCO2 • ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
Acid-Base Disorders ... Respiratory Acidosis (pCO2 ... Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO2 ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
to filter uric acid ... like lactic acid ... and keto-acids) ... Release of purine bases ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... 7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
glucose and amino acids ... and bases, including ... uric acid and most ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Lactic Acidosis - Overview and Pathophysiology
Lactic acid is an endogenous substrate for gluconeogenesis, that is constantly
- Overview and Pathophysiology ... Lactic acid is ... base of lactic acid ... why LR does not cause ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Functional Dyspepsia - Signs, Symptoms and Pathophysiology
Delayed gastric emptying - Postprandial fullness, nausea, vomiting
Hypersensitivity to gastric
, Symptoms and Pathophysiology ... hypersensitivity - Nausea ... Duodenal acid ... hypersensitivity - Nausea ... Functional #Dyspepsia #Pathophysiology
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
although hepatic causes ... namely, the many causes ... many non-hepatic causes ... - Valproic acid ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Diagnosis Algorithm Cause ... intoxication Cause ... secretion • Acid-base ... components of acid-base ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology