1574 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... acidosis Step 5 - Differential ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Base #Gas #VBG #differential
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... reaches the alveoli) PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... summary #pulmonary #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Causes of Lactate ... Lactic Acidosis - Differential ... - Compartment syndrome ... - Hypoxemia (PaO2 ... Acidosis #Elevation #Differential
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
HPS - Diagnosis:
 1. Patients with liver disease
 2. Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaP02) >15 mmHg
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Moderate HPS: ≥ 60 PaO2 ... Severe HPS: ≥ 50 PaO2 ... Very severe HPS: PaO2 ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... Sarcoidosis or Lofgren's syndrome ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes ... #Differential #
Causes of Unprovoked Pediatric Seizures -  Epilepsy Syndromes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Infantile:
 • Benign
Causes of Unprovoked ... - Differential ... • Dravet Syndrome ... Unprovoked #Seizures #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome on Physical Exam
The case of a patient with a diagnosis of cirrhosis and platypnea-orthodeoxia
Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome ... Physical Exam The case ... platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome ... to 90% (and in paO2 ... #Orthodeoxia #Syndrome
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... administration Other causes ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential ... Respiratory Acidosis (pCO2 ... Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO2 ... AcidBase #Disorders #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes