31 results
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
extramedullary disease ... -> AML: Blast crises ... - infiltrates (anemia ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Diagnostic Framework ... Extravascular Causes ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... Extravascular #Causes ... #hematology #anemia
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
40 ml/min A - Anemia ... Causes of false- ... diseases, CML, ... Gammopathies #MGUS #diagnosis ... #hematology #oncology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
to impaired B-cell ... • Chronic lung ... Chest CT: • Ground-glass ... autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... DDX - Other causes
Causes of Localized Lymphadenopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cervical:
 - Anterior
     • Infection
Causes of Localized ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Kikuchi Disease ... , Mediastinum, Lungs ... #Hematology #Oncology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... risk-stratification • Risks: infection ... Allogeneic stem cell ... #oncology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
weeks without infection ... cells can indicate disease ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... #workup #oncology ... #hematology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
approximately how long ... Chronic kidney disease ... (e.g. cancer, infection ... defects (e.g. sickle cell ... #diagnosis #calculation
Elevated Transaminases / Transaminitis - Differential Diagnosis

 • Infectious: HAV, HCV, HEV, EBV, HSV, CMV
 •
Infectious ... breast CA, small cell ... lung CA, lymphoma ... Metabolic: Wilson Disease ... #causes #hepatology
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
 • Congestive heart failure
 • Constrictive
Causes of Pleural ... Pneumonectomy • Trapped lung ... Urinothorax Exudate - Infectious ... #Algorithm #Hepatology ... #causes