135 results
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... #differential # ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... disorders causing hypocalcemia ... : - Hypoparathyroidism ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... kidney disease #Hypocalcemia
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... calcitriol induced hypercalcemia ... @aishaikh #Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Malnutrition with Hypomagnesemia ... (CaSR) • Hypomagnesemia ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia ... #Differential #
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
Hypomagnesemia ( ... dysrhythmias Hypokalemia ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... • Hypoparathyroidism ... • Parathyroid
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... - Hypoparathyroidism ... Destruction of parathyroid ... emoryimchiefs #Hypocalcemia ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Jansen disease #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #Differential
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... , Hypermagnesemia ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... , Hypomagnesemia ... #differential #
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... Hyperphosphatemia, Low ... PTH: Hypoparathyroidism ... contrast agents • Hypomagnesemia ... @kdjhaveri #Hypocalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Milk-alkali syndrome #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential