85 results
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Malnutrition with Hypomagnesemia ... (CaSR) • Hypomagnesemia ... PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... : Parathyroid adenoma ... , Parathyroid carcinoma ... Low PTH: • High ... PTHrP: - Low
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... - Hypoparathyroidism ... Destruction of parathyroid ... sunlight • Other Causes ... emoryimchiefs #Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Diagnosis Renal Causes ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... Renal Causes of ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... Primary hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... #Causes #Differential
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... disorders causing hypocalcemia ... : - Hypoparathyroidism ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... Laboratory #Levels #Hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... disease • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism ... #Causes #endocrinology
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
Hypomagnesemia ( ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... • Hypoparathyroidism ... • Parathyroid ... calcitriol #Hypomagnesemia
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... Hyperphosphatemia, Low ... PTH: Hypoparathyroidism ... contrast agents • Hypomagnesemia ... @kdjhaveri #Hypocalcemia
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... , Hypermagnesemia ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... , Hypomagnesemia