24 results
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... disorders causing hypocalcemia ... : - Hypoparathyroidism ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... Laboratory #Levels #Hyperparathyroidism
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... : Parathyroid adenoma ... , Parathyroid hyperplasia ... , Parathyroid carcinoma ... nephrology #PTH #parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... Primary hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Neoplasms - Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... disease • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism ... Milk-alkali syndrome #Hypercalcemia
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... • Hypoparathyroidism ... • Parathyroid ... Hypomagnesemia #Signs #Symptoms
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Elevated - Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Inappropriately Normal/Low - Hypoparathyroidism ... Destruction of parathyroid ... emoryimchiefs #Hypocalcemia
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone ... Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... mendesthiagob #Parathyroid ... Calcium #Phosphorus #pathophysiology
Electrolyte imbalances are common findings in many diseases. The kidney is a principally responsible organ for
aldosterone, and parathyroid ... range of signs and symptoms ... with signs and symptoms ... #hypokalemia #hypocalcemia ... #hypercalcemia
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism ... • Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of Primary hyperparathyroidism
#Pathophysiology #PrimaryHyperparathyroidism #Parathyroid gland #Hyperparathyroidism
The pathophysiology ... of Primary hyperparathyroidism ... #Pathophysiology ... PrimaryHyperparathyroidism #Parathyroid ... gland #Hyperparathyroidism