8 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Urinary Chloride ... alkalosisKidney ... #Urinary #Chloride ... #nephrology #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... , Diuretics, Bartter ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... • Severe potassium ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... alkalosis • Normal ... (renal potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (amiloride ... loads (ammonium chloride ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... alkalosis • Familial ... disease, and nephrotic ... stones caused by ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology