69 results
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
Cyanide Toxicity Treatment ... Amyl nitrite - causes ... Toxicity #Toxicology #Pathophysiology ... #Management #Treatment
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
- Protein S deficiency ... - Protein C deficiency ... Testosterone - Coumadin skin ... coagulation and other causes ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
changes and may cause ... Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin deficiency ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency ... Diagnosis and Management ... integrity of: • Skin ... , or any other cause ... vasculitis Treatment
Causes of Aplastic Anemia

#Aplastic #Anemia #Causes #Pathophysiology #Pathology #Treatment #Management #Differential
Causes of Aplastic ... Aplastic #Anemia #Causes ... #Pathophysiology ... #Pathology #Treatment ... #Management #Differential
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency ... enzyme 21-OHase causes ... amount of enzyme deficiency ... cold & mottled skin ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology
Fever vs Hyperthermia
Fever:
 • Regulated in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center
 • "Set point" raised by prostaglandin
production • Treatment ... rapidly fatal • Causes ... loss from the skin ... comparison #diagnosis #management ... #treatment
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
protein C and S Pathophysiology ... thrombopoietin deficiency ... + Bleeding Treatment ... Treat primary cause ... #treatment #management
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
, hair growth, skin ... tags, skin thickening ... or refractory cases ... Endocrinology #Treatment ... #Pathophysiology