24 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
injury, often from vascular ... hyperextension -> Upper extremity ... Primarily Upper Extremity ... bladder and rectal reflex ... signs #symptoms #msk
Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Lower Extremity Edema

Edema occurs when any of the following
Framework for Lower Extremity ... Unilateral Lower Extremity ... type 1 (reflex ... Non-pitting) • Allergic ... #PhysicalExam #
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... and Myotomes Reflexes ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... stopping walking (vascular ... sensory #motor #leg #physicalexam
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
lumbar stenosis • Vascular ... or absent lower extremity ... reflexes - reduced ... bulbocavernosus reflex ... wink test - reflex
Freiberg's Test for Piriformis Syndrome

Flex the hip to 90 degrees, internally rotate the hip.
Pain in the
for Piriformis Syndrome ... Flex the hip ... #Piriformis #syndrome ... clinical #video #physicalexam ... #msk #sports #orthopedics
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Upper Extremity ... , T1 (median) Reflexes ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... #UpperLimb #Extremity ... sensory #motor #arm #physicalexam
Myoedema in Hypothyroidism on Physical Exam

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from the production, secretion or
is a clinical syndrome ... abolished tendon reflexes ... elevation in the muscular ... percussion by the reflex ... Hypothyroidism #PhysicalExam
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Patellofemoral pain syndrome ... Tarsal tunnel syndrome ... cyanosis - Cool extremity ... diagnosis #lower #extremity ... #msk #physicalexam
Hypothyroidism – symptoms and signs.

Symptoms: 
Tiredness/malaise, 
Weight gain,
Anorexia,
Cold intolerance, 
Poor memory,
Change in appearance, 
Depression, 
Poor libido,
Carpal timel syndrome ... Myotonia, Muscular ... Slow-relaxing reflexes ... Symptoms #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Vascular/Blockage ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... Symptoms: • Upper extremity ... , lower extremity