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diagnosis differential hypokalemia algorithm management syndrome causes low urine chloride diuresis excretion k medications metabolic pathophysiology renal table urinary workup
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... (renal potassium ... Surreptitious diuretic ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... : Emesis, Diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... use), Gitelman's ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... - Loop diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Management Treatment includes - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
Gitelman Syndrome ... Mg, preferably Cl ... In persistent hypokalemia ... , K sparing diuretics ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Stabilization Treatments ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... Redistribution Treatments ... #potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup Blood Work: - Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Blood Work: - Hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Normotensive - No diuretic ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
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