23 results
diagnosis differential causes algorithm metabolic management hyperkalemia hypokalemia syndrome chloride gitelman high low pathophysiology toxicity abg acid acidbase acidosis aniongap
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... Losses Non-renal ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... Piretanide Potassium ... #Pharmacology # ... nephrology #conversion
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... function) - Loop diuretic ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
after renal tubule ... diuretic effect ... generally indicates a renal ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... : Emesis, Diuretics ... #nephrology #low
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