9 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... • Normal or Low ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Appropriately Low ... Acute Respiratory Alkalosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... with previously stable ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Neurologic disorders
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K