18 results
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
Alice in Wonderland ... Syndrome What? ... Systemic (toxic/metabolic ... @neudrawlogy #Alice ... #diagnosis #neurology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... #Primary #Metabolic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
mEq/g suggests urinary ... consumption • Low ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Impaired forward flow ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... OBSTRUCTIVE • Urinary ... #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Hypothyroidism, Low ... Glucocorticoid deficiency, Primary ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Hyponatremia #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... (UOsm < 100): Primary ... polydipsia, Low ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium