11 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... and/or proteinuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
- Normal/low Proteinuria ... - ++++ Hematuria ... - ++ Hematuria ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
to GBM disruption ... hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... Proteinuria often ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
→ Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... Algorithm #Workup #urology ... #blood #urine
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
: Red/Dark urine ... • 1ml blood/liter ... - Proteinuria ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Algorithm Red blood ... cells on urine ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic ... range) proteinuria
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Cytomegalovirus; GBM ... content [85].2>5 red blood ... urine sediment ... Hematuria may be ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... • Interstitial nephritis ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... , +/- proteinuria ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
toxo IgG • CNS PCR ... granulomatosis: • EBV-associated ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology