10 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... and/or proteinuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
to GBM disruption ... hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... Proteinuria often ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... #urology #blood
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... examination of urine ... - Proteinuria ... #urology #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... • Interstitial nephritis ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Cytomegalovirus; GBM ... urine sediment ... Hematuria may be ... #nephrotic #syndrome ... #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
disease 24-hour urine ... Spot PC (protein ... infections are common causes ... glomerular #testing #workup ... #nephritic #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Spot PC (protein ... infections are common causes ... glomerular #disease #workup ... initial #testing #nephrology ... #nephrotic #nephritis
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... , +/- proteinuria ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
virus • CMV • EBV ... Photophobia • Nausea ... established by CSF or urine ... culture or by serology ... differential #diagnosis #neurology