22 results
Kidney Biopsy - Diagnosis Algorithms
1) Normal Glomerulus by LM
2) Glomerular Crescents
3) Double Contours of GBM
4) Endocapillary
2) Glomerular Crescents ... Double Contours of GBM ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #pathology
Localizing Extraocular Movement Disorders
 • CN Ill (Oculomotor) Nerve Palsy 
 • CN IV (Trochlear) Nerve
Nerve Palsy • CN ... Nerve palsy • CN ... ) Pathology • Skew ... ophthalmology #neurology ... #differential #
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
CNS Ring-Enhancing ... granulomatosis: • EBV-associated ... disease • 30% present ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... causes #radiology #neurology
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic - Mechanism:
 • Injury to podocytes
 • Changed architecture: Scanning. Deposition of
• Breaks in GBM ... • Crescent formation ... Glomerular #Diseases #differential ... spectrum #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... UOsm > 300 - ADH Present ... Pulmonary Diseases, CNS ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
proteinuria) - Crescent ... Basement Membrane (GBM ... Linear, ribbon-like GBM ... Classification #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
This image shows acellular scanning EM with a fibrocellular crescent with entrapped RBCs. The glomerulus is
acellular scanning EM ... fibrocellular crescent ... fibrocellular #crescent ... SEM #clinical #nephrology ... #pathology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... infections are present ... effect/Edema • EBV ... #Infections #differential ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Proteinuria - Differential ... 150mg/d protein present ... proliferative • Anti-GBM ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Balanced Crystalloids vs. NormalSaline - My infographic about SALT-ED and SMART trial comparing crystalloids and saline
treatment with BC and NS ... #Saline #AKI #VisualAbstract ... #LR #EBM #Nephrology