9 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
ABG And BMP Normal ... ↑ ↑ Metabolic alkalosis ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Thiazide or loop diuretics ... after renal tubule diuretic ... Thiazide or loop diuretics ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... disequilibrium syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... : Emesis, Diuretics ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... Surreptitious diuretic ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... (Assess GFR), ±VBG ... Elimination (see Table ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Monitor potassium ... per day until stable ... Loop diuretics for ... causes #treatment #nephrology