19 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperreflexia #Testing ... #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Antinuclear Antibody Testing - Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Patterns
Nuclear Patterns:
 • Homogeneous pattern: 
   -
Antinuclear Antibody Testing ... - Nuclear and Cytoplasmic ... body-like: - Neurologic ... Antinuclear #Antibody #Testing ... #Patterns #differential
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting ... , TIO, Fanconi Syndrome ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome ... symptomatology Differential ... Disease-specific testing ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Proteinuria - Differential ... present on repeat testing ... including overnight testing ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... #Differential #
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Cerebral salt wasting ... syndrome Hypovolemia ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Guillain-Barre syndrome ... Lambert Eaton Syndrome ... poisoning, Scorpion sting ... Weakness #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney K wasting ... ↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
• Excessive heating ... • Serotonin syndrome ... Anticholinergic syndrome ... Phaeochromocytoma Neurologic ... #Hyperthermia #Differential
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
(Wallenberg's syndrome ... with significant neurologic ... Syndrome usually ... Vertigo #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology