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diagnosis causes algorithm potassium hyperkalemia syndrome metabolic management neurology alkalosis low workup cardiology chloride clinical disorders hematology hypomagnesemia interpretation medications
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Al, High R - Secondary ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Pathophysiology ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... mmol creatinine) High ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #Differential # ... potassium #low #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diuretics (late) • High ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... hyperaldosteronism • High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diuretics (late) • High ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... hyperaldosteronism • High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... cotransporter • Gitelman's ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... - Differential ... glycosides • High ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... #Differential #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... urinary losses: • High ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... that is leaky all ... #Differential # ... Causes #workup #nephrology
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