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diagnosis management syndrome causes hypokalemia neurology potassium algorithm gitelman barre classification guillain hematology high medications oncology pharmacology rhabdomyolysis acidosis acute
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Exogenous (KCL ... MunerMohamed1 #hyperkalemia ... #differential # ... diagnosis #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... that is leaky all ... #Differential # ... Causes #workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hypertensive: • High Al ... Gitelman's syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Suspicion for Hyperkalemia ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... #differential # ... potassium #high #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Suspicion for Hyperkalemia ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... #differential # ... potassium #high #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... • LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Treatment of underlying ... Rhabdomyolysis #Differential ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Treatment is aimed ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Stabilization Treatments ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... Redistribution Treatments ... #potassium #nephrology
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