61 results
Cardiac Arrest - H's and T's

HYPOVOLEMIA 
HYPOXEMIA 
HYPERKALEMIA 
HYPOKALEMIA 
H+ EXCESS
HYPOTHERMIA 

TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX 
TAMPONADE - CARDIAC
H's and T's HYPOVOLEMIA ... HYPOKALEMIA ... THROMBOSIS - MI ... TOXINS #ACLS ... #Differential #
“H’s & T’s“ - The reversible causes of Cardiac Arrest 
Hypovolemia, Hypoxia/Hypoxemia, Hydrogen Ion Excess (Acidosis),
Cardiac Arrest Hypovolemia ... Excess (Acidosis), Hypokalemia ... /Hyperkalemia, Hypothermia ... Coronary) #HsTs #acls ... #differential #
H’s and T’s Mnemonic - Causes of Cardiac Arrest
H's - Hypovolemia, Hypoxia, Hydrogen Ions (acidosis), Hyperkalemia
Cardiac Arrest H's - Hypovolemia ... Ions (acidosis), Hyperkalemia ... / Hypokalemia, ... Arrest #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #acls
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
- Differential ... that is leaky all ... drain wide open all ... #Differential # ... Causes #workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hypertensive: • High Al ... aldosteronism • High Al ... Hyperplasia • Normal Al ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Exogenous (KCL ... MunerMohamed1 #hyperkalemia ... #differential # ... diagnosis #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Clinicians should also ... #differential # ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia ... Thrombocytosis: cells lyse as ... #Differential # ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... • Cell shift: Hypokalemic ... • Low Urine Cl ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis