18 results
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... composite endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
American College of Cardiology ... Association functional class ... But now the ACC/ ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... Classification #Stages #Classes
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Classification: CLASS ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology ... #pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure - Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm
Diagnosis: Ferritin <100 ng/mL (absolute ID) OR
Guidelines: • ACC ... patients with NYHA class ... status and QOL (class ... order to alleviate symptoms ... management #algorithm #cardiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology ... inotropy) ACCP Cardiology ... Antiarrhythmics #Pharmacology ... #pathophysiology ... #phases #cardiology
Tree in Bud Sign
The Tree-in-Bud sign represents Endobronchial spread in a linear branching pattern and centrilobular
actually seen in all ... causes of infective ... pneumonia, congenital causes ... diagnosis #clinical #radiology ... #ChestCT #pathophysiology
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... back pain - Symptoms ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... should be done in ALL
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Diagnosis and Causes
Clinical: Dyspnea, Exercise Intolerance, ↑ "Right Sided-Symptoms" (ascites, hepatomegaly, ↑↑peripheral edema)
Physical
Diagnosis and Causes ... ↑ "Right Sided-Symptoms ... : Amyloidosis (AL ... Cardiomyopathy #Diagnosis #Causes ... #differential #cardiology
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Typical symptoms ... Less Typical Symptoms ... : • ACE Inhibitors ... diagnosis #management #cardiology ... #pharmacology #
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... Pathologic Causes ... • Mitchell et al ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #causes #cardiology