19 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... R - Cushing's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology Gitelman ... Syndrome is a rare ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... • Low Urine Cl ... , Gitelman syndrome ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... ↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
transporter Bartter syndrome ... ascending limb Gitelman ... syndrome - Thiazide-sensitive ... tubule Liddle syndrome ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
, Gitelman's syndrome ... acid, Liddle's syndrome ... • Cushing's syndrome ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... cotransporter • Gitelman's ... Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #nephrology #management