30 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... syndromes - Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... renal transplant, Diuretic ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts ... plasma insulin (treatment ... use), Gitelman's ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
- Differential Diagnosis ... Transcellular Shift ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... : • Aluminum/Magnesium ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... tubular acidosis • Gitelman's ... Transcellular shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... • IV Fluids Shift ... function) - Loop diuretic ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... management #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
- Differential Diagnosis ... > 10g • Loop Diuretics ... • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) • Gitelman's ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
potassium(K) & magnesium ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology