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diagnosis differential hypokalemia nephrology causes hyperkalemia management treatment urine alkalosis chloride classification criticalcare druginduced foamed high hypophosphatemia hypoxia medications metabolic
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Increased EC shift ... • Exogenous (KCL ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Low R - Primary ... Al, Low R - Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... #differential #algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... filling of bucket (low ... that is leaky all ... (transcellular shift ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm ... cardiac membrane Shift ... treatment Remove potassium ... offending agent (ACE-I ... Hyperkalemia #Treatment #Algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Cl- responsive ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... of sodium and potassium ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm
Hypophosphatemia and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology ↓ Phosphate leads to ↓ red cell 2,3-DPG and a reduction
and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology ... 2,3-DPG which shifts ... weakness (defined as low ... inspiratory pressure or low ... -DPG causing a shift
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
conditions which all ... Therefore, in all ... both conditions, low ... provided the starting potassium ... #differential #algorithm
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