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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm sodium causes management endocrinology table cancer gitelman hypernatremia hypokalemia hypophosphatemia pulmonary renal secondary treatment agents amyloid
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ADH Independent: • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Beer Potomania - Low ... Hypothyroidism, adrenal ... failure, nephrotic syndrome
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Cushing Syndrome Testing Algorithm INDICATIONS FOR TESTING: • Suspected Cushing syndrome (central obesity, muscle weakness, refractory hypertension) Testing:
Cushing Syndrome ... Suspected Cushing syndrome ... Cortisol, Saliva • Low ... dexamethasone suppression test ... ARUPLabs #Cushing #Syndrome
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
and Screening Testing ... CT scan, adrenal ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... Causes #Screening #Workup
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Mg wasting syndromes ... - Gitelman syndrome ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Cerebral salt wasting ... syndrome Hypovolemia ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome
Cancer agents and Electrolyte Disorders • Hypocalcemia: Cisplatin from Low Mg, Cetuximab- due to low Mg Axitinib,
Ifosfamide - Fanconi syndrome ... wasting, Erlotinib ... Trastuzumab • Hyponatremia ... salt wasting, Bevacizumab ... Ifosfamide - Fanconi syndrome
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