3408 results
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Consider: Primary polydipsia ... , Low solute intake ... hyponatremia #diagnosis #differential
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Polyuria - Differential ... nutrition), Azotemia LOW ... Insipidus • Primary Polydipsia ... #Polyuria #Differential
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
of Polyuria - Differential ... Water: • Primary polydipsia ... "psychogenic polydipsia ... • Central Dl (Low ... #Polyuria #Differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Beer Potomania - Low ... • Psychogenic Polydipsia ... #Hyponatremia #Differential
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
Increased Urination - Differential ... urine (usually low ... Increased intake (low ... osm): Primary Polydipsia ... Increased #Urination #Differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Potomania, Psychogenic polydipsia ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... nephrology #sodium #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... intake (Primary polydipsia ... ), Low solute intake ... #Hyponatremia #differential
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
demands Hypoxemia - low ... of hypoxia) - Low ... SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... CaO2 → Low SvO2 ... summary #pulmonary #differential
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Solute Diuresis
 • Na intake/saline
 • Glucosuria: Hyperglycemia, SGLT-2 inhibitors
 • Urea: Exogenous
Polyuria - Differential ... Diuresis • Primary Polydipsia ... #Polyuria #Differential
Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia
Box A:
 • Normo/hyperosmolar Hyponatremia: Glucose, Mannitol, Glycine, Contrast media, Maltose
 • Pseudohyponatremia:
Box C: Primary Polydipsia ... , Low Na intake,