36 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI Uptake - Poor ... Medications - Loop ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... maximal dose for IV loop ... following a single loop ... HeartFailure #Cardiology #Management
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Acetazolamide, Loop ... diuretics, MRA, ... Pharmacology #Comparison #Table ... HalfLife #Dosing #Loop ... CHF #Cardiology #Management
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Hypernatremia #Classification ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... DiureticsHypercalcemia-PTH ... Magnesium #Low #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... syndrome (mimics loop ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake • poor ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #Classification
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
and Management ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... (IV loop diuretic ... acetazolamide) - IV loop
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Diagnosis Poor ... Urinary Losses - Diuretics ... Low #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes