41 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... tenderness • Positive ... Stork test) • XR ... vertebrae • CT - collar ... MSK #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Kussmaul's Sign - Differential Diagnosis

Typically the JVP decreases with inspiration as the negative intrathoracic pressure "sucks
- Differential Diagnosis ... where we may see a positive ... #physicalexam # ... diagnosis #cardiology #differential ... #causes
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Brudzinski’s Sign ... Passive neck flexion causes ... While the pathophysiology ... #Meningitis #Clinical ... #Video #PhysicalExam
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
Hoffman's sign. ... this specific case ... #Reflex #Positive ... #Abnormal #clinical ... video #neurology #PhysicalExam
Rare Causes of Abdominal Pain
 • Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema - Recurrent visceral that may by swelling
knee-to-chest position ... Carnett's sign ... incisional hernias: clinical ... radicular pain #Rare #Causes ... Abdominal #Pain #differential
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
Risk factors: Critical ... blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... heart failure, positive ... fluid balance, and CXR
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... tissue damage - CXR
Summary table of common benign breast diseases and how to manage them. 
Fibroadenoma:
 • Most common
terminal duct lobular ... breast e.g. biopsy, car ... bruising/erythema/sign ... mastitis • Usually caused ... diseases #benign #differential
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... Lung Abscess - Clinical ... Blood cultures • CXR ... early disease) • CXR ... #causes #management
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam
A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
mobilization or supine position ... Caused commonly ... Pathophysiology: ... pleurothotonus #PhysicalExam ... #clinical #neurology