45 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... tenderness • Positive ... Stork test) • XR ... vertebrae • CT - collar ... MSK #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs ... #Injury #AKI #Workup
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
1) Clinical ... Alzheimer - 1st cause ... (parkinsonian signs ... Dementia - 2nd cause ... MNCD #Dementia #Differential
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... renal bruit or signs ... #causes #Differential
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
help and inform clinical ... indicated, start CPR ... strategy. ❼ If clinically ... examination and vital signs ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
39 C this is a clinical ... maintained fever CAUSES ... hyperthermia crisis (late sign ... #Hyperthermia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Rare Causes of Abdominal Pain
 • Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema - Recurrent visceral that may by swelling
Rare Causes of Abdominal ... Carnett's sign ... incisional hernias: clinical ... radicular pain #Rare #Causes ... Abdominal #Pain #differential
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
Risk factors: Critical ... blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... heart failure, positive ... fluid balance, and CXR
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... tissue damage - CXR
Summary table of common benign breast diseases and how to manage them. 
Fibroadenoma:
 • Most common
terminal duct lobular ... breast e.g. biopsy, car ... bruising/erythema/sign ... mastitis • Usually caused ... diseases #benign #differential