46 results
Bilateral tonic pupils observed in the patient with Ross syndrome. 
Absence of bilateral pupillary contraction despite
Bilateral tonic ... Absence of bilateral ... ross #syndrome #bilateral ... #reflex #neurology ... #absent
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
Compression/injury of Lateral ... sensory • Before diagnosis ... Following must be absent ... gait, strength, reflexes ... on palpation of lateral
Plantar Reflex (Babinski) Equivalents
Plantar toe reflex - Babinski - Move an object along the lateral aspect
Plantar Reflex ( ... object along the lateral ... object along the lateral ... and release #Diagnosis ... #Neurology #PhysicalExam
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
of the cell -> Bilateral ... • Leukocoria (absent ... partial retinal red reflex ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... Sciatica: often bilateral ... Differential Diagnosis ... Examination - bilateral ... #causes #neurology
Dysphagia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Structural
 • Tumors
 • Zenker's Diverticulum
 • Foreign Bodv
Neuromuscular Toxic/Metabolic
 • Myasthenia
Dysphagia Differential Diagnosis ... • Amvotrophic Lateral ... Intermittent Symptoms ... • Reflux Stricture ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Bell's palsy
There are many different causes of Facial Nerve Palsy. However, the commonest
cause of unilateral facial
commonest cause of unilateral ... Loss of Corneal Reflex ... #Bells #Palsy #Neurology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis
Spinal Cord Injury by Nerve Root Levels
Spinal Root	Sensory	Motor	Reflex
C4	Acromioclavicular Joint	Respiration	None
C5	Radial Antecubital Fossa	Elbow Flexion	Biceps Reflex
C6	Dorsal Thumb	Wrist Extension	Brachioradialis Reflex
C7	Dorsal
Sensory Motor Reflex ... Flexion Biceps Reflex ... S1 Lateral Calcaneus ... #differential #diagnosis ... #Neurology #Spine
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
and Myotomes Reflexes ... dysfunction, and bilateral ... dorsum of foot and lateral ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... #neurology #sensory
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... Acute onset and unilateral ... nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer