15 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Tubular Acidosis (RTA ... juvenile distal RTA ... proximal features and high ... #types #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Cell Problem - High ... TTKG • RTA Type ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Proximal and distal RTA ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Proximal RTA (type ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic ... and Cingulate Cortex ... Patterns #Toxicology #Metabolic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Radiology #Neurology
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hypocitraturia • RTA ... Type I • High ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... acidosis: Proximal RTA ... , Distal RTA, DKA ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... infusions) - Metabolic ... Failure • SLE • Type ... IV RTA • Renal ... #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... Diabetes #Insipidus #Classification ... #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential