26 results
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
- Differential Diagnosis ... Neoplasm-related (brain ... paraneoplastic syndromes ... complications of HIV ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Stroke Mimics - Differential Diagnosis - MINT Mnemonic
 • Metabolic: Hyper-glycemia, Hypoglycemia, Wernicke's encephalopathy, Mitochondrial Encephalopathy
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hypercarbia • Infectious ... Bell's palsy (HSV ... Todd Paralysis), Brain ... Aura, Multiple Sclerosis
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
- Compatible syndrome ... + MRI lesions + ... : • Multiple Sclerosis ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... causes #radiology #neurology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
early stages of infection ... Diagnosis: MRI ... The clinical syndrome ... disorder #dementia #AIDS ... #Neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
affecting the Brain ... important, as early diagnosis ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... #neurology #noninflammatory
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
- Differential Diagnosis ... : Brain abscess ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV ... EMG) studies • MRI ... #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... cells per μL • Diagnosis ... Imaging: - MRI ... #AIDS #opportunistic
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
• Malignancy Infectious ... Hepatitis • HIV ... Pulmonary Disease Neurologic ... Depression • Multiple Sclerosis ... Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Differential Diagnosis ... cord infarct • HIV ... toon • Spinal infection ... Imaging studies: • MRI ... #causes #neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
ruled out • Brain ... brain and/or optic ... : - Multiple sclerosis ... simplex virus, HIV ... #management #neurology