21 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
angiography • Primary ... Oral sodium loading ... salivary cortisol • Hypothyroidism ... • Hyperthyroidism ... Screening #Workup #table
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Medications (diuretics), Hypothyroidism ... (UOsm < 100): Primary ... polydipsia, Low ... #diagnosis #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Uosm), Hypothyroidism ... water intake (Primary ... differential #diagnosis #table
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
acid <4 • SIADH, Hypothyroidism ... , Low solute intake ... Glucocorticoid deficiency, Primary ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... hypothyroidism ... PRA • ↓ Serum sodium ... • Weakness • Low-grade
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... Solute Intake - Primary ... CKD, Thiazides, Hypothyroidism ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Prolactin + Normal/ Low ... + High TSH • Primary ... Hypothyroidism ... Endocrinology #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Endocrinopathies - Hypothyroidism ... renal failure - Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... Low Mean Corpuscular ... Liver Disease • Hypothyroidism ... #Anemia #MCV #Classification ... #Causes #Hematology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes