13 results
EKG CHANGES AS A RESULT OF CHANGES IN NA OR K CHANNEL CONDUCTION - GRAPHIC BY
EKG CHANGES AS A ... RESULT OF CHANGES ... IN NA OR K CHANNEL ... JAMES LI, MD #Pathophysiology ... #NaK #Sodium #Potassium
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... Decreased ENaC channel ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... Pharmacology #Impaired #Potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel ... Block fast Na+ channels ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... Channel Blockers ... Classification #Classes #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... and ECG changes ... #hyperkalemia #potassium ... diagnosis #management #algorithm
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Heparin) • Sodium-channel ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Depolarization: • Na+ channels ... Phase • Ca++ channels ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... Channel Blockers ... Classification #Classes #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Sickle Cell Disease - Pathophysiology of disease and complications 

Due to the deformed shape, HbS induces
Cell Disease - Pathophysiology ... and activating channels ... the efflux of potassium ... SickleCell #Disease #Pathophysiology
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm
ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm ... ECG changes, weakness ... injury, etc) ECG changes ... treatment Remove potassium ... Hyperkalemia #Treatment #Algorithm