1579 results
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
1.1: - Ascitic protein ... Late Budd-Chiari syndrome ... metastases - Ascitic protein ... Early Budd-Chiari syndrome ... leak, Nephrotic syndrome
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome ... • Budd-Chiari syndrome ... Hypertension - Protein-poor ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Hypertension - Protein-rich
Muehrcke's Lines (Leukonychia striata)
Narrow while transverse lines (Not depressed, compared to Beau's lines). Usually 2 or
states of decreased protein ... synthesis or increase protein ... and nephrotic syndrome
Amyloidosis - Summary
Group of disorders associated with extracellular deposition of fibrils formed from low-molecular-weight proteins in
low-molecular-weight proteins ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... Carpal tunnel syndrome ... -1 & IL-6 → AA Protein ... ATTR Protein
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
hormone–related protein ... Other humoral syndromes ... disease - Williams syndrome ... intoxication, milk-alkali syndrome
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Crigler-Najjar syndrome ... Hereditary Cholestatic Syndromes ... Dubin-Johnson syndrome ... , Rotor syndrome ... salt transport proteins
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
 • Congestive heart failure
 • Constrictive
Superior vena cava syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... • Protein-losing ... Uremia • Meigs' syndrome ... • Yellow nail syndrome
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Gastrointestinal Manifestations
 - Thrombosis of vessels in the pancreas, Vasculitis -> Acute Pancreatitis
- Budd Chiari Syndrome ... - Protein-Losing
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Tea and Toast Syndrome ... a high solute/protein ... failure, nephrotic syndrome
POEMS Syndrome

Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal protein & Skin changes

Andrew Sanchez M.D. @ASanchez_PS

#POEMS #Syndrome #diagnosis
POEMS Syndrome ... Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal protein ... ASanchez_PS #POEMS #Syndrome