9 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
pseudohyponatremia • hyperglycemia ... HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... nephrotic syndrome • renal ... #Workup #Algorithm
Hypoglycemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Fasting Hypoglycemia:
 • Excess Insulin
 • Medications (e.g. Insulin Secretagogues, ß-Adrenergic Antagonists,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hepatic Failure, Renal ... Hypopituitarism • Adrenal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
- AKI Workup Algorithm ... urinary sediment, renal ... HIV serology, renal ... eosinophiluria, renal ... markers • Cardio-renal
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Algorithm Primary ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Breast, Kidney, ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Polyuria ... Osmolality • Hyperglycemia ... Recovery from Acute Renal ... #Algorithm #Causes
DPP4 Inhibitors - Normal and Renal Dosing

Increase Incretins (GLP-I & GIP) -> Stimulates Insulin, Inhibits Glucagon
Inhibitors - Normal and Renal ... DPP4 inhibitors work ... patients have renal ... double check the kidney ... DPP4 #Inhibitors #Renal
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
disturbance, or acute kidney ... eg, presence of renal ... • Vascular: Renal ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... Syndrome, Chronic Renal ... Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... #diagnosis #causes
Post-Transplant Diarrhea - Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Post-transplant diarrhea (≥ 3 loose or liquid stools per day)
Post-Transplant Diarrhea - Diagnosis ... and Management Algorithm ... Malabsorption workup ... #nephrology #renal ... #kidney