43 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Acute and chronic kidney ... deficit - Salt-losing ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Pyonephrosis with large renal calculus on POCUS
Acute left flank pain with nausea and vomiting. What's the
Pyonephrosis with ... flank pain with nausea ... Answer: Pyonephrosis ... MH_EMultrasound #Pyonephrosis ... hydronephrosis #kidney
Causes of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
Causes of Hypokalemia ... insufficient intake (Table ... .9 Because the kidney ... rarely the sole cause ... #Differential #Causes
Causes of Tremors - Movement Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Action Tremor - Occurs During Voluntary Muscle
Causes of Tremors ... Tremor - Occurs During ... Thyroid, Liver, Kidney ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... individuals or during ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... broad - Advanced kidney
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
sensitivity in kidneys ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis
Primary Back Pathology:
 • Musculoligamentous injury (a.k.a. lumbosacral strain)
 • Spondylosis (i.e.
collection • Kidney ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #primarycare #table
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
cirrhosis, chronic kidney ... cirrhosis, chronic kidney ... insipidus • Kidney ... stones caused by ... #Medications #Table
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
and sodium • Dosing ... binds magnesium • Dosing ... and calcium • Dosing ... hypokalemia); nausea ... #pharmacology #table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... with previously stable ... disturbance, or acute kidney ... Causes: • Vascular ... Hypertension #Workup #causes