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diagnosis differential hyponatremia causes low potassium cancer gitelman hepatology hepatorenal hrs hypernatremia hypotonic management oncology pathophysiology physiologic table volume workup
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... ↑ Aldosterone: Adrenal ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... , Congenital adrenal ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome of Inappropriate ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome of Inappropriate ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
losses • Urine ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... • Rapid hematopoiesis ... aldosterone • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... , Renal tubular ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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